Pakistan’s Relations with Afghanistan During Benazir Bhutto First Era (1988–1990): A Critical Analysis

Abstract

This Article provides a critical assessment of Pakistan’s Afghan policy during Bhutto’s first rule (1988–1990), examining the continuities from Zia’s era, the limitations faced by the civilian government, and the broader regional and international dynamics that influenced bilateral relations. During Benazir Bhutto’s first tenure (1988‑1990), Pakistan‑Afghan relations were shaped by the lingering aftermath of the Soviet withdrawal and the rise of the Mujahideen factions. Diplomatically, Bhutto’s government engaged in UN‑mediated talks aimed at a political settlement, while covertly maintaining contacts with various warlords to protect border security. Overall, the era was marked by a pragmatic yet uneasy partnership driven by mutual security interests amid regional turbulence.