The AL-JAMEI Research Journal (AJRJ) is launched by the Jlali Research Institute of Social Science (SMC-Private) Limited. It is a biannual, trilingual (English, Arabic, and Urdu), double-blind, peer-reviewed, and open-access research journal. It is available online with ISSN 3006-4783 and in print with ISSN 3006-4775. The AL-JAMEI Research Journal (AJRJ) is dedicated to promoting interreligious harmony and global peace through its commitment to providing a scholarly platform for individuals specializing in Religious Studies, Social Sciences, and Arts and Humanities. The Journal charge 75USD as processing and Publication fee per article. Join the reviewers' team at AL-JAMEI Research Journal with the following link: Become a Reviewer
Jlali Research Institute of Social Science (SMC-Private) Limited
Socio-economic Causes of Child Labor in Balochistan: An Analytical Study with Special Focus on Rag-Picking Girls of Quetta City
This study focuses on rag-picking girls in Quetta, Balochistan, and examines the socioeconomic factors that contribute to child labor. Twelve rag-picking girls chosen through purposive sampling participated in semi-structured interviews as part of a descriptive and qualitative study design. The results show that the main causes of young girls engaging in rag-picking are poverty, unemployment, parental illiteracy, big family size, and parental carelessness. Participants also emphasized the problems of social stigma and isolation, which serve to further perpetuate cycles of labor and poverty. The study comes to the conclusion that systemic socioeconomic disparities are at the heart of child labor in Quetta.
Copyright (c) 2025 AL-JAMEI Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Thematic review of the novel Darya key Sanng "
Nisar Aziz Butt's last novel is "Darya Key Sanng" which has two main characters Darya and Sajid. In this novel, the author has used the river and the flow of life as a metaphor. The importance of the river is so high in the novel. It is safe to say that the story cannot go on without it. The River appears to be the second most important character in this novel. It can also be called a symbol, a symbol of the continuity of life, flow and selflessness. A water that washes away all impurities and impurities Black and white all become one. Thus the river is a metaphor of eternity. The protagonist of the novel Sajid is captivated by the love of the river and is forced to return to the river again and again.
River, Metaphor, symbol of the continuity of life, flow and selflessness, eternity
Copyright (c) 2023 AL-JAMEI Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
At the door of the Messenger (ﷺ), the expression of human intellect's humility
Human reason, in its quest to unravel the universe's mysteries, finds its limits. Before the luminous path of prophethood, it must bow in humble acknowledgment. This divine revelation is a shoreless ocean, whose depths cannot be fathomed. All accumulated human knowledge appears but a faint and flickering spark. It stands diminished before the brilliant sun of eternal guidance that emanates from the Final Messenger. Within his being reside the inexhaustible treasures of primordial wisdom. Thus, the ultimate role of human intellect is not to compete, but to confess its own in capacity. It finds its true purpose in recognizing, revering, and submitting to this transcendent light.
HumanReason/Intellect,Limits/Incapacity,Prophethood/Revelation, Divine Guidance
Moral Decline And The Role Of The Prophetic Moral Training Strategy
Islam is a perfect religion and a complete and comprehensive system of life. It is the basic code of life for mankind provided by Allah SWT. Islam defines the basic rules of life in Qur'an, and the 'Sunnah of the Prophet is the practical implementation of Quran for all areas of life that no corner is left behind. The life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the role model for all humanity. Every point of morality and practice that was taught to others, Prophet Muhammad himself was its practical figure. He had set an ideal model that can be easily followed by every member of the Muslim Ummah. He focused on Individual training of persons, which made it possible to develop a trained group of people, who laid the foundation of Islamic society. This is the main component of prophetic training and educational strategy that it prepares individuals spiritually and intellectually so that a strong, empowered and independent persons comes forward and initiates the foundation of righteous society. Prophet (pbuh) made individual training through theoretical and intellectual reform and at the same time, he (pbuh) reformed people's actions and character by becoming a practical interpretation of the Qur'an.. Before his words, he instructed and trained people with his actions. This research article aims to highlight the training strategy of Prophet Muhammad PBUH to work on the character building of individuals with the reformation of their spiritual souls with benevolence, tolerance, love, well-being and goodness for others.
religion, Sunnah, educational, spiritually, humanity, character building
Integrating Prophetic Teaching Methodologies into Contemporary Teaching Methodologies- Review of Contemporary Educational Theories and their Relevance with Prophetic Pedagogy
This study explores the integration of Prophetic teaching methodologies into contemporary educational frameworks, aiming to bridge classical Islamic pedagogical wisdom with modern educational theories. The Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) teaching methods centered on compassion, experiential learning, moral development, and learner engagement are analyzed in relation to key modern theories such as constructivism, humanism, experiential learning, and social learning theory. The research highlights parallels between Prophetic pedagogy and modern approaches emphasizing student-centered learning, emotional intelligence, ethical instruction, and transformative education. By examining how principles such as hikmah (wisdom), tadarruj (gradualism), and musharakah (participation) can be harmonized with modern classroom practices, the paper proposes a holistic pedagogical model that fosters both intellectual growth and moral refinement. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that Prophetic methodologies not only align with but can enrich and humanize contemporary educational discourse, offering sustainable and value-based alternatives to purely outcome-driven systems.
The Role of Companions Sahabiyat in the Propagation of the Prophet’s (PBUH) Message: A Historical Study
The life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) represents a continuous and unwavering struggle for the propagation of Islam. The central objective of this sacred mission was the establishment of the Kalima Tayyiba—the declaration of faith that forms the very foundation of Islam. The first part of the Kalima affirms the absolute oneness of Allah, the Lord of Majesty and Glory, while rejecting every form of polytheism and idolatry. The second part confirms the finality of Prophethood in the person of Muhammad ﷺ, the last and ultimate Messenger of Allah. For the sake of this divine message, the Prophet ﷺ endured severe persecution, hardships, separation, ridicule, and relentless opposition from the disbelievers of Makkah. Despite these adversities, a small group of devoted companions stood firm against overwhelming forces of falsehood to uphold and spread the truth. Among these noble efforts, the contributions of the Prophet’s noble wives (Ummahat al-Mu’minin) and the Sahabiyat (female companions) remain remarkable and unforgettable. Their dedication, courage, and steadfastness left indelible marks in the history of Islam and played a pivotal role in the dissemination of the Prophetic message.
Kalima Tayyaba, propagation of Islam, last prophet, disbelievers of Makkah
Institutional Support, and Social Acceptance as Predictors of Educational and Sport Participation among Transgender Individuals in Pakistan: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety
The study will explore how Institutional Support (IS) and Social Acceptance (SA) can influence Participation in Education and Sports (PES) among transgender people in Pakistan using Psychological Safety (PS) as a mediation variable. The research paper is based on Social Support Theory and Psychological Safety Model and follows a quantitative approach based on a designed survey step. The participants of 309 transgender involved in the data were actively involved in both the educational and sporting activities in Pakistan. The sample was to be used to reflect a cross-section of transgender people enrolled in formal education and organized sports in the different cities. The main analytical method used to test the hypotheses proposed with regards to the relationships between Institutional Support, Social Acceptance, Psychological Safety, and Participation in Education and Sports was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which was performed with the use of SmartPLS 4.0. The empirical findings show that Institutional Support has a strong positive impact on both Psychological Safety and Education and Sports participation. In addition, Psychological Safety has mediated the linkage between Institutional Support and participation outcomes which relate to the fact that the vigor of participation depends on the psychological environment that institutions develop in their institutions. In contrast, the Social Acceptance has a weak direct impact on participation, and this implies that endorsement by the society alone cannot be effective to engender participation unless the mechanisms of institutional support are reinforced. The results suggest creating inclusive policies, creating psychologically safe institutional environments, and promoting awareness campaigns aimed at enhancing the presence of transgender individuals in academic and athletic environments.
An Analytical Study of Contemporary Issues of Wages for Guardianship in the Light of the Opinions of the Four Imams
This research presents an analytical study of contemporary issues concerning wages for guardianship (ujrah al-wilayah) in the light of the opinions of the four major Imams — Abu Hanifah, Malik, al-Shafi‘i, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal. The study explores the classical jurisprudential foundations of guardianship in Islamic law, its types, and the conditions under which compensation or wages may be lawfully received. It then examines the application of these principles to modern contexts such as legal guardianship, custodianship of minors and orphans, and institutional guardianship within Islamic financial and social welfare systems. Through a comparative analysis of the classical juristic positions and contemporary fiqh academies’ resolutions, the study aims to harmonize traditional rulings with the socio-economic realities of the modern age. The findings reveal that while classical jurists generally discouraged monetary gain from guardianship due to its fiduciary and moral nature, contemporary scholars allow wages under specific conditions of necessity, institutional management, and professional service — provided that justice, transparency, and Sharia compliance are maintained.
The Concept of Women Rights in Islam & other Religions-A Comparative Study
It has been discussed in this article women rights in the light of different religions. First of all, it has been discussed women rights in the light of Islam. Islam gave the right of live, Marriage, Economical rights and the rights of inheritance. Islam gave to women right of divorce, right to good treatment. No one has given the respect that Islam has given to women as mother, sister, daughter and wife. Islam gives more importance to the mother than father. Secondly, it has been discussed women rights in the light of Judaism. The old Testament verses differ regarding women’s rights, some protecting them and some restricting them. Honor your father and mother, so that your days may be long, which the lord gives you. Inheritance is usually given to men, but in some cases women were also given the right to it. The right to divorce is given only to men, women are not given any power. Sometime women’s testimony is not considered equal to men’s testimony. In Judaism women is considered impure during menstruation and postpartum period. Thirdly, discussed women rights in light of Christianity. Saint Paul says that woman should lean perfect submission and I do not allow a woman to rule over man. A woman cannot be the owner of her own earnings. She does not have the right to divorce. There is no scope for remarriage. Fourthly, discussed women’s rights in the light of Hinduism. A woman is always weak and unfaithful. It is necessary for a woman to be the property of her father in childhood, her husband in youth and after her husband, her sons. After studying the rights of women in the light of all religions, we have come to the conclusion that no other religion or civilization has given women the status and respect that Islam has given them.
Women, Rights, Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism
A study Based on Informal English Acquisition through Streaming Services (Netflix/Youtube)
The proliferation of digital media has fundamentally shaped the structure of second language acquisition, with streaming services like Netflix and YouTube emerging as prominent sources of informal, extramural learning. This study investigates the phenomenon of informal English acquisition through these platforms, examining the distinct affordances of Netflix and YouTube, the particular linguistic competencies learners develop, and the methodologies they employ. Employing a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods approach, data was collected via an online questionnaire (n=112) and semi-structured interviews (n=18) with adult ESL/EFL learners. The findings uncover that Netflix and YouTube serve as complementary tools as Netflix facilitates narrative immersion, enhancing listening comprehension and cultural-pragmatic understanding, while YouTube offers parasocial interaction, fostering familiarity with contemporary slang, diverse accents, and vernacular English. Learners actively employ strategies such as subtitle scaffolding and contextual guessing to navigate challenges like the speed of natural speech. However, a notable gap persists between improved receptive skills and underdeveloped productive abilities. The study concludes that streaming platforms are powerful, motivation-rich environments for informal language acquisition. It recommends that learners adopt a strategic, multi-platform approach and that educators integrate these resources into pedagogical practices to bridge the gap between formal instruction and authentic language use. This research validates the significant role of Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) and provides a framework for optimizing its potential in the digital age.
Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE), Streaming Services, Netflix, YouTube, Second Language Acquisition, Extramural Learning, Informal English, Qualitative Research.
The Prophet's (PBUH) Sstrategy in the Needs of Educating the New Generation in the Modern Era and in the Development of Consciousness (An Analytical Study)
This study analytically explores the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) strategy for educating the new generation and its relevance in addressing the challenges of the modern era. The research highlights how the Prophet (PBUH) nurtured intellectual, moral, and spiritual consciousness through practical teaching methods grounded in compassion, dialogue, and experiential learning. By examining the prophetic model of tarbiyah (holistic education), this study reveals that the Prophet’s educational approach emphasized balance between faith and reason, character and knowledge, and individual and collective responsibility. The analysis also connects these principles to contemporary educational challenges such as moral decline, identity crises, and technological distractions. Ultimately, the study concludes that adopting the Prophet’s (PBUH) strategic framework in modern education can promote a conscious, ethical, and purpose-driven generation capable of contributing positively to global civilization.
The Names and Virtues of Bayt al-Maqdis: A Historical, Religious, and Civilizational Analytical Study
Names and Significance of Bayt al-Maqdis in Historical Context, examines the religious importance of the region of Palestine and the city of Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) through a historical and etymological analysis of its various names. The study's primary objective is to investigate the factors that contribute to the sanctity of the land and to trace the origins, meanings, and evolution of the city's names as documented in religious and historical texts. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of sources, including the Quran, Hadith, Old and New Testaments, and scholarly works. The article argues that the land's blessed status is a divinely ordained attribute, primarily due to its central role in the history of numerous Prophets. A key finding is the progression of the city's names, starting with its oldest known name, Yabus (Jebus), derived from its initial inhabitants. The study further traces the evolution through names such as Madinah Dawud (City of David), Sihyon (Zion), Shalim, and the widely recognized Urshalim (Jerusalem). The research also details the influence of occupying powers, such as the Romans, who renamed the city Ilia Capitolina, which later became Ilia. The paper concludes that these names are not merely historical identifiers but are deeply intertwined with the city’s religious and historical significance across the three Abrahamic faiths, reflecting its enduring status as a spiritual focal point. The term "Bayt al-Maqdis" is identified as a revered title for Masjid al-Aqsa that eventually came to be used for the entire city.
Bayt al-Maqdis, Jerusalem, Palestine, Historical Names, Masjid al-Aqsa, Yabus, Zion, Urshalim, Holy Land, Quranic Exegesis.
Fear, Silence, and Survival: An Analytical Study of Narrative Techniques and Symbolism in Pakistani dramas
This paper presents an analytical study of the narrative techniques and symbolism in the Pakistani television drama Dar Si Jati Hai Sila, focusing on the central themes of fear, silence, and survival. Using qualitative textual analysis, the study examines how the drama employs minimal dialogue, deliberate silences, close-up shots, and symbolic domestic spaces such as closed doors, staircases, and confined rooms to portray the psychological trauma of its protagonist and the oppressive power dynamics within a patriarchal family structure. The paper traces Sila’s narrative journey from silent victimhood to the emergence of her voice, demonstrating how these narrative strategies transform private suffering into a broader social critique. Audience reception is also explored, highlighting the tension between critical acclaim for its courage in addressing taboo subjects and conservative resistance rooted in cultural sensitivities. By situating Dar Si Jati Hai Sila within the context of Pakistani television drama, this study underscores its significance as more than mere entertainment: it acts as a cultural text that challenges silence around domestic abuse, raises awareness, and contributes to conversations on resilience, gendered power, and social change.
Silence, Fear, Trauma, Victimhood, Oppression, Patriarchy, Power dynamics, Gender inequality, Emotional suppression
The Inception of Qur’an Printing in the Subcontinent: A Research and Analytical Study
This study explores the historical evolution of Qur’an printing in the Indian subcontinent, placing it within the broader global context of print technology and its acceptance in the Muslim world. India witnessed a unique embrace of print by Muslim scholars and reformers who saw it as a tool for religious revival in response to challenges from British colonization, Christian missionaries, and Hindu reform movements. The study emphasizes the pioneering efforts in Qur’an printing, the initial Urdu translations and Arabic editions released in Howrah and Calcutta during the early 19th century, followed by significant progress through lithographic techniques. Lithography, which could beautifully replicate handwritten manuscripts, emerged as a pivotal force in enhancing the accessibility and cultural acceptance of religious literature. It empowered Muslim publishers in cities such as Lucknow, where presses such as the Sultanate Press and the renowned Nawal Kishore Press blended calligraphic traditions with industrial printing methods. These printing houses not only increased public access to the Qur’an but also influenced Islamic education, identity, and print culture throughout South Asia and beyond. The paper argues that the embrace of print, especially through lithography, was not just a technological advancement but a cultural and religious adaptation that redefined how sacred texts were produced, distributed, and consumed.
Qur’an printing, Lithography, Print culture in Islamic, Nawal Kishore Press, Religious publishing, Arabic typography, History of printing in India, Calcutta and Lucknow presses
THE ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF CHASITY AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN CONTEMPERORY ERA
For the organization of a society, Gender issues must be coordinated under rules and regulations. Islam has formulated an indispensable law for the protection of chastity and Purity. This law not only protects the human race from illicit paths of Gender chaos but also ensures the purity of the social environment of all sensual excitements and impulses. It serves as the protection of the human race and the shield for family life. The protection of chastity and purity may seem insignificant, but in fact, it is a fundamental aspect that can lead to societal chaos and deterioration. Nowadays, Western civilization has influenced Pakistan in this regard. The new generation is rapidly falling into the depths of moral decline. A living example of this is the rapidly increasing immorality, moral degradation, and sexual promiscuity in educational institutions. The effects of Western civilization and civilization are prominent in newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, advertisements, and public discourse. All media are teaching obscenity and adultery, promiscuity, free mixing, and love affairs. These immoral values flourish in Pakistani society under the banner of Feminism. There is a mindset developed by Pakistani women to distrust the Islamic laws related to women. This article aims to highlight the Islamic system of Chastity and Purity, and focuses on the implementation of this law in Pakistani society, which is declining in this aspect.
Islamic Society, Chastity, civilization, immorality, family, human race
Dynamic Equivalence as a Cultural and Linguistic Strategy in Advertisements
This study examines the concept of dynamic equivalence as a linguistic tool in translating advertising slogans in international markets. It compares five international brands like Coca Cola, Intel, Pepsi, Electrolux and American Airlines, to determine how translations maintain the persuasive intent and brand recognition across different cultures. The results demonstrate that dynamic equivalence facilitates the successful Cross Cultural communication where the intended emotional effects are expressed in the translation as observed in Coca Cola’s campaign in Pakistan and Pepsi’s campaign in India. The case studies of Intel in Brazil, American Airlines in Spanish speaking countries and Electrolux in the United States however show the danger of literal translation resulting in confusion, humor or unintentional meanings. The research concludes that dynamic equivalence provides a very useful concept to preserve brand identity and response among the audience in cross cultural advertising.
Advertising Translation, Cross Cultural Communication, Dynamic Equivalence, Global Branding
An overview of the methodology, identification ofresearch goals, and intellectual trends of Dr. Tamarason's understanding of Islam
Dr. Tamara Sonn intellectual work presents Islam in its original and positive form in Western academic circles. This article analyzes Dr. Tamara Sonn’s approach to understanding Islam, its major intellectual trends and its relationship to modernity. Dr. Tamara Sonn sees Islam as a comprehensive, dynamic and rational movement based on the principles of justice, benevolence, and human dignity. Her approach is a beautiful blend of moderation and modernism that emphasizes understanding Islamic texts in their historical context and in accordance with the demands of the present era. Her work promotes interfaith dialogue and refutes anti-Islamic propaganda in the West on academic grounds. Nevertheless, some of her modernist views have also been criticized by traditional scholars. Overall, her work not only contributes to presenting a correct concept of Islam in the West, but also encourages Muslim youth to remain committed to their faith.
Intellectual,Methodology, Comprehensive, Modernist. Quran o Sunnah, Justice, Monotheism, , Interfaith Dialogue, Classical Jurists, Objectives of Sharia, , Ijtihad, Deviation
Trauma, Resilience, and Narrative Healing: A Psycho-Hermeneutic Reading of Surah Yūsuf
This study explores Surah Yūsuf through a psycho-hermeneutic lens, examining how the Qur’anic narrative dramatizes trauma, models resilience, and offers pathways of narrative healing. While classical tafsīr has traditionally emphasized theological, moral, and legal lessons, and modern literary studies have highlighted structure and coherence, limited attention has been paid to the psychological dimensions of suffering and recovery embedded in the surah. Drawing on hermeneutic philosophy, particularly Gadamer’s fusion of horizons and Ricoeur’s concepts of narrative identity and surplus of meaning, alongside trauma and resilience theory (Herman, Caruth, Pennebaker, Masten), this research analyzes how motifs of betrayal, displacement, imprisonment, and reconciliation reflect the dynamics of trauma and recovery. The analysis demonstrates that Surah Yūsuf encodes experiences of betrayal and displacement as traumatic ruptures, yet simultaneously frames resilience through ṣabr jamīl (beautiful patience), taqwā (God-consciousness), and forgiveness. Narrative symbols such as the recurring motif of the shirt are shown to transform across the surah from markers of deceit to instruments of truth and healing, illustrating how traumatic experiences can be integrated into a redemptive arc. Imprisonment, initially a site of deprivation, emerges as a space of testimony and meaning-making, while Yūsuf’s rise to authority and his reconciliation with his brothers model the re-authoring of suffering into wisdom and communal service. The study contributes to three domains. In Qur’anic studies, it expands hermeneutic approaches by situating Surah Yūsuf within trauma discourse. In psychology and linguistics, it demonstrates how sacred narratives function as frameworks of resilience, linking theological motifs with psycholinguistic models of healing. In practice, it highlights the surah’s potential for trauma-sensitive pedagogy, interfaith dialogue, and counseling, particularly in contexts of displacement, injustice, and grief. Ultimately, the research affirms that Surah Yūsuf is not only a sacred narrative of prophecy but also a model of psycho-spiritual resilience that continues to provide meaning and healing across generations.
Organ Transplantation: Medical Necessity, Ethical Challenges, and Islamic Guidance
Organ transplantation is recognised as one of the most transformative achievements of modern medicine, offering life-saving solutions to patients suffering from terminal organ failure. It represents not only a medical necessity but also a profound ethical and religious challenge. While transplantation restores health and improves quality of life, it raises critical questions regarding human dignity, the legitimacy of organ donation, informed consent, exploitation, and equity of access. These concerns become even more significant in Islamic societies, where the sanctity of life and the protection of the human body are fundamental values. This paper examines organ transplantation from three interrelated dimensions: medical necessity, ethical debates, and Islamic guidance. From a medical perspective, transplantation is explored as an essential treatment that has redefined possibilities in healthcare. Ethically, the paper addresses dilemmas such as commercialization of organs, donor rights, and fair allocation of scarce resources. From an Islamic perspective, Qur’anic injunctions, Prophetic traditions, and scholarly interpretations are analyzed to highlight how Shariah principles provide a balanced framework that promotes medical progress while safeguarding moral boundaries. The study concludes that organ transplantation, when conducted within ethical and religious limits, not only saves lives but also embodies the harmony between science and faith. It calls for continuous collaboration among medical professionals, ethicists, and Islamic scholars to ensure that scientific advancement aligns with human dignity, justice, and divine guidance.
Organ transplantation, Medical necessity, Ethical challenges, Human dignity, Islamic guidance, Bioethics
Hafiz Muhammad Lakhvi's influence on Maulana Nabi Bakhsh Halwai
The first ever (Tafsir) written in the Punjabi language and literature is Tafsir Muhammadi, authored by Hafiz Muhammad Lakhvi. It consists of seven volumes and is considered the first complete Tafsir in Punjabi. In response to this work, Hanafi scholar Maulana Nabi Bakhsh Halwai wrote Tafsir Nabawi, which spans fifteen volumes and contains approximately 88,000 verses of poetry. The combined total number of poetic verses in both Tafsirs exceeds 150,000. Hafiz Muhammad Lakhvi belonged to the Ahl-e-Hadith school of thought and had his own distinct style. Since there was no complete Tafsir available in Punjabi before him, he developed a unique methodology of his own. In response to his Tafsir, Maulana Nabi Bakhsh's Tafsir Nabawi emerged. Despite theological differences, one can observe clear influences of Hafiz Muhammad Lakhvi in Maulana Nabi Bakhsh’s work.
The Role of Sports in Shaping Social Capital and Mobility in Urban Pakistan
Background and Study Aim In urban Pakistan, sport and fitness have emerged as significant social signifiers that determine class formation and lifestyle posture. However, there has been little empirical work on how participation in these activities affects social mobility. This article explores the links between sports/fitness participation, social capital and perceived upward mobility in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad with reference to Bourdieu’s framework of cultural capital. Material and Methods Cross-sectional study design was used. The sample, recruited from the universities, gyms and recreational clubs through stratified sampling by lots targeted individuals between 18 -40 years of age were invited to participate. All were eligible because they had participated in sports or fitness activities three times a week. Online and paper questionnaires were collected from March to July 2025. Standardised measures included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, WHO-5 Well-being Index and modified scales of mobility aspirations. Descriptive statistics of samples and chi-square, ANOVA and multivariate regression were utilized to compare data. Results Findings revealed significant associations between education, income, and fitness participation. The education level (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), gym membership (β = 0.28, p < 0.01), and frequency of participation (β = 0.22, p < 0.01) were strong explanatory variables for self-reported upward mobility in the regression models. Participation in organized exercise predicted higher levels of self-esteem, community integration, and social cohesion. But it was only accessible to the poor through iron gates of affordability and gender norms. Conclusion Sports and physical exercise in Urban Pakistan beyond health acts as mechanisms of negotiation of class boundaries, boosting the social capital. Education, attendance to the gym and frequency of activity greatly influence perceived mobility. In the policy framework, goal-oriented infrastructure and equal opportunity is crucial so that fitness culture can be a part of wide-alternating social equity.
Economic Challenges and Islamic Solutions for Sustainable Development in the Muslim World
The Muslim world is confronted with complex economic challenges that hinder progress despite its abundance of natural and human resources. Issues such as poverty, unemployment, unequal distribution of wealth, corruption, dependency on foreign aid, and limited industrial and technological growth continue to weaken economic stability. Internal problems, including poor governance and lack of educational and research development, along with external pressures from global financial institutions, further aggravate the crisis. This paper examines these challenges in detail and explores Islamic economic principles as a framework for sustainable development. It highlights the importance of zakat, waqf, and interest-free financial systems, while also stressing the need for education, scientific research, technological advancement, and good governance. The study argues that by implementing reforms grounded in justice, equity, and cooperation, the Muslim world can overcome its current crisis and establish a self-reliant and sustainable economic model consistent with Islamic teachings.
The Intersection of Social Problems and Sports: Addressing Poverty, Illiteracy, and Unemployment Through Sports
Background: Sport is becoming more widely acknowledged as complex social phenomena that go beyond pleasure and physical activity. Around the world, academics and decision-makers have positioned sport as a social development instrument that can tackle difficult problems like unemployment, educational inequalities and poverty Objectives: Main objective of this research is to determine the intersection of social problems and sports: addressing poverty, illiteracy, and unemployment through sports Methods and Material: The participants for this study were 200 athletes from the University of the Punjab and University of Education. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed, involving 200 university athletes (both male and female, representing diverse sports, demographical backgrounds, and experiences) recruited through a convenience sampling. Data were collected using an online Google Forms questionnaire consisting of five distinct instruments, each utilizing a 5-point Likert-type scale (ranging from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree"). The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version-26). Results: Result showed that there is a significance difference on the basis of their demographics was observed. Conclusion: Social issues can be addressed through sport, but its effects are conditional. Sports are most effective at reducing poverty when they are connected to programs that promote economic development. It plays a significant but indirect role in literacy through school participation. Sport can help those who are unemployed find work, especially if they combine it with official training and certificates.
Youth, Identify and Resistance: A Sociological Study of Street and Informal Athletic Cultures
Street and informal sports cultures in Sargodha, Pakistan, this research explores the link between youth, identity, and resistance. Data were gathered from hundred male participants, ages 11 to 40, who often participated in street and informal sports activities in parks, open spaces, and local streets using a quantitative cross-sectional survey approach. Four subsections gender dynamics in street sports, class and economic inequalities, geographical control and access, and intersections of identity scored on a five-point Likert scale were included in the structured, closed-ended questionnaire. A pilot study and expert review were used to verify the instrument, and internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha. In SPSS (version 25), descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data, and comparisons were made between three age groups (ages 11–20, 21–30, and 31–40). The results show that when it came to identity creation, empowerment, social belonging, and resistance to marginalization, younger participants (ages 11–20 and 21–30) expressed the highest levels of agreement. This was particularly noticeable when it came to acknowledging the gender, class, and geographical characteristics of informal sports as well as combating social (66.7%) and cultural-political marginalization (66.7%). On the other side, respondents between the ages of 31 and 40 showed more neutral or disagreeing answers, especially when it came to resistance, class disparity, and spatial ownership. This suggests that as people age, there is less importance placed on using street sports to define one's identity. Overall, the study comes to the conclusion that teenagers and young adults actively negotiate questions of gender, class, belonging, and resistance in street and informal sports, which serve as potent sociocultural arenas. These results emphasize the transforming impact of non-institutional sports activities in identity formation and advance sociological understandings of teenage subcultures.
The preposition "( Min من)" and its famous meanings in the Holy Quran
Arabic grammar is the grammar of the Arabic language which is a Semitic language. It also can be divided into two types Literary Arabic and Colloquial Arabic. Again, Literary Arabic is divided into Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. Arabic is not only a vital language but also required for people from around the world for various reasons. Arabic is having immense importance for scholars, educationists, linguists, artists, and business professionals. Learning Arabic grammar (Nahw) is essential to mastering the Arabic language. Therefore, non-native Arabic speakers need to practice and exert effort to learn Arabic grammar, as each grammatical rule will be a new rule for them. This research deals with the ‘huruf al-jarr’ (prepositions). From these Haroof “huruf al-jarr’ “( Min من) used in Arabic sentences. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach in light of Different Tafaseers as it is appropriate for the study. The study's main results reveal that the actual particle (al-Harf al-Asli) must produce a new meaning that did not exist before its addition to the sentence.
The Holy Qur’an, Arabic, prepositions, huruf al-jarr, language
The Rhetoric of Declarative Sentences in The Tragedy of Jerusalem by Dr. Salah
Rhetoric is the science that deserves the most important study in the Arabic studies and dramaturgy in the mid-nineteenth century came from the West, before it came to the Arabs, this art was well-known among the Arabs. Although they had plenty of material suitable for dramatization, it is for this reason that modern Arabic writers greatly developed this art. In this poetic play we will see the steadfastness and revolution of the people of Jerusalem in confronting the corruption and injustice of the Jews with eloquent sentences. News is a term: every sign that can be described as truthful or false is news we find in his poetic play, The Tragedy of Jerusalem, the news, which includes the meaning of sympathy, pity, and contempt. The purpose of the news was to give advice and guidance to the addressee, to challenge, to demonstrate satire, and it was intended to show pride and the meaning of astonishment, to mock the addressee, and to show integrity and sadness. The news included warning the addressee of a hateful matter to avoid it, showing happiness, warning of the addressee’s misguidance, showing courage, and inciting revolution, and these are the purposes that the play The Tragedy of Jerusalem includes.
Rhetoric, Aabic Drama, Tragedy of Jerusalem, Poetic Play, Salah Adas.
An Analysis of the Critiques of Sufi Terminologies (Ẓāhir wa-Bāṭin, ʿIlm al-Khafī, and Ḥulūl)
The terminology of Sufism has always played a crucial role in shaping mystical thought and practice within the Islamic tradition. Concepts such as ẓāhir wa-bāṭin (the outward and the inward dimensions), ʿilm al-khafī (hidden or esoteric knowledge), and ḥulūl (indwelling or incarnation) have been central to Sufi discourse, providing symbolic and metaphysical frameworks for understanding the relationship between the Divine and the human. However, these terminologies also became subjects of sharp criticism from opponents of Sufism, who argued that such expressions either risked theological ambiguity or contradicted established doctrines of Islamic orthodoxy. This study explores the major critiques directed at these Sufi terms, analyzing the intellectual, theological, and historical contexts of both the Sufi usage and the criticisms raised against them. By examining these debates, the paper seeks to highlight the dynamic interplay between mysticism and theology in Islam, as well as the boundaries drawn by scholars between acceptable mystical expression and doctrinal deviation.
A Research Study of Abdul Ghafoor Malik’s Writings in the Hindko Language
Hindko is not only a language rooted in ancient cultural heritage but also a rich literary tradition encompassing diverse genres in both prose and poetry. The literary corpus of Hindko includes a wide array of themes such as religious, reformative, national, and intellectual discourse. Among the notable contributors to Hindko literature, Abdul Ghafoor Malik stands out as a significant figure whose writings enriched the language across multiple dimensions. Through his creative works, Malik not only advanced Hindko literary expression but also highlighted its religious, cultural, and intellectual capacities. This research paper critically examines Abdul Ghafoor Malik’s literary contributions in the Hindko language, focusing particularly on his metrical translation of the Qur'an, na‘atiya (praise poetry of the Prophet ﷺ), and moralistic poetry. His writings are not confined to religious instruction alone but reflect a living, dynamic, and thoughtful literary voice that broadens the scope of Hindko literature. His work exemplifies a unique synthesis of linguistic eloquence, cultural rootedness, and religious tone. This study establishes that Abdul Ghafoor Malik’s contributions go beyond the domain of religious service; they represent a distinct and creative role in the broader literary landscape of Hindko. His command over language, his ability to express complex ideas in a local idiom, and his literary sophistication place him among the prominent literary figures of Hindko. The research adds a new dimension to the study of Hindko literature and underscores the urgent need for further academic inquiry into both classical and contemporary Hindko writings.
Hindko Literature, Abdul Ghafoor Malik, Quran Translation in Hindko, Hindko Poetry
The Status of Fatwas in Contemporary Muslim Societies: Relevance and Regulation
Fatwa, the non-binding legal opinion issued by a qualified Islamic scholar (mufti), has traditionally been a tool for counseling Muslims in personal, social, and legal affairs. In modern Muslim societies, fatwas have become more salient in public debates, ranging from political issues to financial morality, as well as in day-to-day practice. The emergence of new media, satellite television, and social networks has enabled instant, globalized, and sometimes contentious production and circulation of fatwas. This article addresses the evolving role of fatwas in modern contexts, evaluating their authority, governance, and implications for Muslim communities. It further addresses tensions between old models of jurisprudence and new media settings, and charts directions towards improving the accountability and contextual awareness of fatwa practices.
Fatwa; Islamic jurisprudential authority; Mufti; Modern Islamic communities; Religious decrees; Sharia governance; Online fatwas; Ulama; Legal pluralism; Oversight of religious authority
The Application of Shariah in Multicultural Societies: Challenges and Opportunities
In an increasingly interconnected world, multicultural societies are turning into pluralistic environments where diverse religious, cultural, and legal systems coexist. The implementation of Shariah (Islamic law) in such pluralistic environments is fraught with both immense challenges and beneficial opportunities. This paper examines the intricacies of implementing Shariah in multicultural societies, emphasizing legal pluralism, minority rights, interfaith dialogue, and sociopolitical integration. It explores Islamic jurisprudence, which is itself rooted in flexibility and contextuality, and how it can be repurposed for contemporary multicultural societies without compromising its fundamental ethical values. Based on diverse case studies and scholarly views, this research offers a balanced critique of concerns about Shariah and emphasizes its potential to enhance social cohesion, moral responsibility, and peaceful coexistence.
Shariah Law, Multiculturalism, Legal Pluralism, Islamic Jurisprudence, Minority Rights, Interfaith Dialogue, Social Integration, Religious Freedom