The AL-JAMEI Research Journal (AJRJ) is launched by the Jlali Research Institute of Social Science (SMC-Private) Limited. It is a biannual, trilingual (English, Arabic, and Urdu), double-blind, peer-reviewed, and open-access research journal. It is available online with ISSN 3006-4783 and in print with ISSN 3006-4775. The AL-JAMEI Research Journal (AJRJ) is dedicated to promoting interreligious harmony and global peace through its commitment to providing a scholarly platform for individuals specializing in Religious Studies, Social Sciences, and Arts and Humanities. The Journal charge 75USD as processing and Publication fee per article. Join the reviewers' team at AL-JAMEI Research Journal with the following link: Become a Reviewer
Jlali Research Institute of Social Science (SMC-Private) Limited
Effect of Social Environment on Sports Participation of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Sports participation among university students is shaped by a complex set of social, cultural, institutional, and economic forces. This cross-sectional survey investigated the influence of eight social environment dimensions on sports participation among students at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. A purposive stratified sample of 100 students (62% male, 38% female; M age = 22.4 years, SD = 2.7; 63% registered athletes, 37% non-athletes) completed a 22-item expert-validated structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics in SPSS Version 28.0 (IBM Corp., 2021). Teammate support (86.5%), peer motivational influence (83.0%), coach support (81.5%), and perceived community importance of sport (86.0%) were the strongest social facilitators of participation. Awareness of sport health benefits was near-universal (92.7%). Social media supported skill development for 79.3% of respondents. Financial constraints constituted the primary structural barrier, reported as limiting by 54.0% of participants. Findings are interpreted through Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT; Bandura, 1986), and implications for sport policy and student well-being in Pakistani higher education are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2026 AL-JAMEI Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Solutions to the Religious and Political Challenges Facing the Establishment of Peace in Pakistan
One of the major obstacles to the establishment of peace in Pakistan is political issues, which have weakened the state and destabilized the social structure. Since the creation of Pakistan, the country has repeatedly suffered from political instability; at times due to the imposition of martial law, and at other times because of the premature dismissal of democratic governments, both of which have eroded public trust. The persistent power struggles among political leaders and the tendency to prioritize personal interests over national interests have fostered mistrust within state institutions. Corruption and nepotism have not only damaged the economy but have also intensified feelings of deprivation and injustice among the public, often leading to protests and unrest. The unequal distribution of resources, a sense of political deprivation, and disputes over provincial autonomy have given rise to insurgency and disorder in certain regions. Separatist movements in Balochistan and linguistic and political tensions in Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are clear evidence of this reality. Similarly, the lack of transparency in the electoral process has become a significant barrier to peace, as allegations of rigging, political intolerance among parties, and the refusal to accept electoral outcomes divide the public. As a result, protest politics, sit-ins, and strikes disrupt public order. Alongside these challenges, a weak judicial system and the absence of the rule of law have deprived citizens of justice, further fueling instability. Thus, political issues undermining peace in Pakistan are not limited to the flawed policies of rulers alone, but are deeply rooted in institutional weaknesses, injustice, and political chaos—without addressing these, sustainable peace remains unattainable.
Safeguarding Wealth as a Maqasid of Shariah: A Principled, Jurisprudential, and Socio-Legal Analysis of Quranic Directives"
Allah Almighty has settled humans in this universe and has also provided them with everything. He has placed all the equipment to fulfill their needs. He has given them authority over the treasures of the earth. Just as Allah Almighty has given all these wealth and resources to man and has given him complete authority to use them, he has also ordered to protect them in a proper manner. He has issued various teachings and instructions for this. When Allah Almighty has made man the owner of all these treasures, then of course man is responsible for protecting all of them. Wasting wealth and resources and not protecting them has been declared a great crime. It is not that man has been given it and then he should use it as he wants. Rather, Allah Almighty has also asked man about where he spent the wealth. And whoever spends wealth on frivolous, meaningless and meaningless things or spends more than necessary, he will have to answer for it before Allah. And spending wealth in this way is wasting it. It is against its protection. Allah Almighty has called wasting wealth wastefully a satanic act and has declared those who do so to be brothers of Satan. He said: “Everything on earth is for you, but whoever wastes it wastefully and does not care about its protection is the brother of Satan.” And indeed, severity has been shown for him. Issuing such a strict order to prevent wealth from being wasted also explains the importance of wealth. And this makes the status of protecting wealth in Islam clear and it can be well understood that protecting wealth is a must in Islam.
Copyright (c) 2025 AL-JAMEI Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ram Lal’s novel studies also highlight the historical background of the era in which the research is set. Factors such as the establishment of Pakistan, the mass migration (partition) and the effects of colonialism lend depth to his narrative. He does not merely describe events, but also portrays the collective consciousness and mental upheaval of that era. Thus his creations are not just a part of literature but also hold significance as a historical document that helps in understanding the social and cultural currents of that time.Symbolic expression is also an important aspect of research in his life. Terrestrial elements, weathers, and local landscapes often represent a larger social or psychological meaning. For instance, rain can become an indicator of renewal and change, while dust and desolation turn into a metaphor for deprivation and disintegration. Understanding this symbolic system helps in reaching the deeper meaning of the novel and realising Ram Lal’s artistic skill.Ram Lal’s writings also contain symbolic aspects that are extremely important for research. Common objects and scenes in his novels do not appear merely for decoration, but as deep semantic indicators. For example, elements like dust, smoke or empty land become metaphors for migration, separation, and insecurity. These symbols not only strengthen the intellectual background of the story but also help in reaching the hidden layers beneath the text. Studying this symbolic style of expression introduces a new critical perspective.
A Comparative Study of the Impact of Teachers’ Academic Division (First vs. Second/Third Division) on Students’ Academic Achievement at the Secondary School Level
This research involved the issue of academic division of teachers (First vs.). Second/Third Division) on academic performance of students in secondary school level in government and non-government schools of District Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. The quantitative causal-comparative research design was used. All secondary school teachers in the district constituted the population with stratified random sample selection being done using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination table. The academic success of students was calculated by use of official yearly examination scores whereas the academic division of teachers was derived using confirmed academic documentation. The data analysis was conducted on descriptive statistics and inferential statistics based on the independent-samples t-test, two-way ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results are empirical evidence in regards to whether the academic background of teachers is a major predictor of the academic achievements of students in different sectors of schools. The research has implications to teacher recruitment, placement, and professional development policies in the secondary schools.
A Thematic Study of Rashida Qazi’s Short Stories
Rashida Qazi is a representative fiction writer of South Punjab. The central theme of her short stories is woman, and her narratives embody a unique blend of feminine consciousness and social awareness. Her stories are not merely a form of creative expression; rather, they are a cultural and intellectual record of their time, which, on the canvas of history, highlight the existence of woman, her struggles, and her dreams in a dignified manner. The characters in her stories possess psychological depth, and through their dialogues, they reflect the truthfulness and authenticity of life. In her three short story collections, the most prominent feature is the awareness of feminine identity. She does not portray woman merely as a figure of suffering; instead, she presents her as a courageous, conscious, and intellectually awakened being. For her, femininity is not a claim to gender superiority; rather, it is a symbol of Eastern cultural consciousness and human dignity.
Naval Modernization in South Asia: Strategic Competition between India and Pakistan
The modernization of the Navy has become a major aspect of strategic rivalry in South Asia and in this regard the rivalry between the India and Pakistan, both of which are nuclear armed adversaries whose hostility is taking a new dimension in the sea. Historically, South Asian strategic thought was dominated by land-based and continental issues, but it has in the last twenty years experienced a very strong change towards the seas. This is due to the fact that the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has increased strategic importance, expanding maritime trade routes, energy security requirements, and extra-regional interests of the United States and China. It is against this context that both India and Pakistan have undertaken ambitious modernization efforts on its navy to achieve the purpose of increasing deterrence, securing sea line of communication, and expanding power beyond its immediate coastlines.This research paper discusses the essence, motivation, and consequence of modernizing the naval in South Asia based on the comparative evaluation of India and Pakistan naval policies and capacities, as well as the pattern of procurement. Based on qualitative research design built on the analysis of secondary data, the research uses the official naval doctrines, defense white papers, military balance reports, and academic literature to evaluate the influence of the maritime competition on security dynamics in the region. The article puts the concept of naval modernization in the context of more general theoretical approaches, such as realism, security dilemma or the theory of balance of power to clarify how new technological breakthroughs at sea might make the world a much safer place (in terms of deterrence) and, at the same time, promote more instability.The paper claims that the modernization of India and Pakistan naval forces is an expression of the desire of the two countries to become the regional and aspiring global power whereas the maritime policy of Pakistan is mainly deterrence-based in the sense that it aims at counterbalancing the traditional naval advantages of India with asymmetric and sea-denial forces. The results indicate that the risk of heightening security dilemma in South Asia due to unmanaged maritime competition is a possibility that has a high likelihood of miscalculation at sea. The paper ends with an argument that confidence-building measures, maritime dialogue and regional mechanisms of cooperation should be used to deter escalation and enhance stability in the Indian Ocean Region.
Muhammad Ali Pasha and the Construction of the Modern Egyptian State: A Study of Political, Educational and Civilizational Transformation
This study examines the pivotal role of Muhammad Ali Pasha in the construction of the modern Egyptian state through comprehensive political, educational, and civilizational reforms in the early nineteenth century. Upon assuming power, Muhammad Ali inherited a fragmented polity weakened by administrative disorder, economic stagnation, and intellectual decline. In response, he initiated a far-reaching state-building project aimed at centralizing authority, restructuring the military, revitalizing agriculture and industry, and reorganizing fiscal administration. A central pillar of his reform program was the transformation of the educational system. By founding modern schools in military sciences, engineering, medicine, languages, and administration, and by dispatching scientific missions to Europe, he sought to cultivate a new bureaucratic and technical elite capable of sustaining institutional modernization. Furthermore, translation movements and the establishment of specialized institutions contributed to the transfer of European knowledge into the Egyptian context. Through these coordinated reforms, Muhammad Ali laid the institutional and structural foundations of a centralized modern state. Despite debates concerning the authoritarian nature of his rule, his policies marked a decisive shift from traditional governance to a more systematic and modern administrative order, shaping Egypt’s trajectory toward modernity.
Tafsir-e-Ishāri: A Study of the Concept of Poetry in Abu Abdur Rahman al-Salami's Haqqat al-Tafsir
This study explores the Qur’anic tradition of interpretation through the lens of Ishārī (allusive/symbolic) exegesis, with special focus on Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī’s work Ḥaqāʾiq al-Tafsīr and its implicit concept of Qur’anic coherence (naẓm). The paper begins by situating Ishārī tafsīr within the broader history of Qur’anic interpretation, distinguishing it from purely literal approaches while emphasizing that it does not negate the outward meanings of the text. Instead, Ishārī tafsīr seeks to uncover ethical, spiritual, and inward dimensions of the Qur’an grounded in spiritual experience and moral refinement. The research examines the definition, origins, principles, and methodological limits of Ishārī tafsīr, addressing major scholarly objections and the responses offered by both classical and later scholars. It argues that legitimate Ishārī interpretation operates within the boundaries of Sharīʿah, Arabic language, and established outward meanings, and should be understood as spiritual insight rather than legislative or doctrinal exegesis. A central part of the study analyzes Ḥaqāʾiq al-Tafsīr as one of the earliest systematic compilations of Sufi allusive interpretations. Although concise in form, the work reveals a clear spiritual and thematic coherence between verses and passages. Al-Sulamī presents Qur’anic verses as interconnected stages of an inner journey—moving from fear to hope, purification of the heart, servitude, divine love, and ultimate salvation. Through selected examples from different sūrahs (such as al-Fātiḥah, al-Baqarah, Yā Sīn, and al-Raḥmān), the study demonstrates how al-Sulamī establishes a form of inner coherence that complements the outward structure of the Qur’an. The study concludes that Ḥaqāʾiq al-Tafsīr represents an early yet significant model of Qur’anic coherence from an Ishārī perspective, portraying the Qur’an not merely as a collection of legal rulings or isolated verses, but as a unified spiritual discourse aimed at the purification of the heart and the realization of divine proximity.
Religious Leadership and Political Order in the State of Madinah: A Principled Study in the Light of the Prophetic Biography
This study presents a principled analysis of religious leadership and political order in the State of Madinah as established by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, drawing primarily on the Prophetic biography (Sīrah) and corroborated by authentic historical and Hadith sources. It argues that the Madinan polity represents a unique synthesis of moral authority, legal order, and communal governance rooted in divine guidance rather than coercive power. The research examines the foundational principles of leadership manifested in the Prophet’s ﷺ role as a religious guide, lawgiver, judge, and head of state, highlighting how spiritual legitimacy shaped political obedience and social cohesion. Special attention is given to the Madinah Charter (Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīnah) as an early constitutional framework that regulated pluralism, collective security, and justice among diverse religious communities. The study further explores mechanisms of consultation (shūrā), accountability, rule of law, and conflict management, demonstrating that political order in Madinah was sustained through ethical commitment, public consent, and institutional justice rather than authoritarian control. By situating the Madinan experience within its historical context and extracting its normative principles, this paper challenges modern dichotomies between religion and politics and offers a model of principled governance relevant to contemporary debates on Islamic political thought and statecraft.
A Critical Analytical Study of the Concept of Obedience to Authority in the Context of Political Turmoil in Authentic Hadith Literature
This study critically examines the concept of obedience to authority as articulated in authentic Hadith literature, particularly in the context of political turmoil, civil strife, and governance crises. Drawing upon rigorously authenticated narrations from the Ṣiḥāḥ collections, the research explores the normative framework established by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ regarding obedience (ṭāʿah), disobedience, patience, and resistance. The study argues that prophetic guidance does not advocate unconditional or absolute obedience; rather, it establishes a morally conditioned obedience bound by adherence to divine commandments and justice. Through an analytical reading of key aḥādīth addressing rulers, rebellion, fitnah, and public order, the paper highlights the balance maintained in the Prophetic Sunnah between preserving social stability and upholding ethical accountability. Special attention is given to narrations that emphasize obedience “in what is right” (fī al-maʿrūf), the prohibition of obedience in sin, and the prioritization of preventing greater chaos and bloodshed during periods of political unrest. The study further critiques modern misappropriations of these aḥādīth by authoritarian regimes and extremist movements alike, demonstrating how selective readings distort the holistic Prophetic methodology. By situating Hadith discourse within its ethical, legal, and maqāṣid-based framework, this research contributes to contemporary debates on Islamic political thought, legitimacy of authority, and the ethics of dissent in times of political crisis.
SINO-PAKISTAN RELATIONS IN THE 1950s: THE INDIAN FACTOR
This study examines the evolution of Sino-Pakistan relations during the 1950s, with particular emphasis on the role of India as a decisive strategic factor. In the early years after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China and the independence of Pakistan, both states initially maintained cautious and limited engagement due to ideological differences and Pakistan’s alignment with Western security blocs. However, deteriorating Sino-Indian relations especially following border disputes and India’s regional ambitions created a convergence of interests between China and Pakistan. This article analyzes how India’s political, diplomatic, and security posture in South Asia influenced Pakistan’s gradual rapprochement with China and shaped Beijing’s strategic recalibration toward Islamabad. By exploring diplomatic exchanges, regional security dynamics, and the broader Cold War context, the study argues that the Indian factor played a central role in transforming Sino-Pakistan relations from tentative contact into a pragmatic strategic partnership by the end of the 1950s.
Sino-Pakistan Relations; Indian Factor; South Asian Politics; Cold War in Asia; Sino-Indian Relations; Pakistan’s Foreign Policy; Regional Security Dynamics
Interrogating the Disruptive Synergies between Blockchain‑Enabled Distributed Ledger Architectures and The Evolutionary Trajectories of Financial Technology Ecosystems in Nigeria
Blockchain‑enabled distributed ledger architectures have emerged as one of the most consequential digital infrastructures reshaping contemporary financial systems. Their decentralized, immutable and transparent design challenges long‑established models of financial intermediation while simultaneously catalyzing new configurations within financial technology (FinTech) ecosystems. This study interrogates the disruptive synergies between blockchain technology and the evolutionary trajectories of FinTech development in Nigeria, a leading digital finance hub in Sub‑Saharan Africa characterized by rapid innovation alongside regulatory ambivalence. Adopting a systematic literature review methodology, six peer‑reviewed scholarly studies and authoritative policy sources were synthesized and thematically analyzed across four analytical dimensions: conceptual foundations, functional significance, sectoral impacts and implementation challenges of blockchain within Nigeria’s FinTech landscape. The findings indicate that blockchain architectures possess substantial transformative potential across payments, cross‑border remittances, trade finance, capital markets, regulatory compliance and customer due diligence processes. By enabling disintermediation, programmable trust through smart contracts and real‑time auditability, blockchain technology reconfigures efficiency, transparency and risk management within financial services. However, regulatory uncertainty, infrastructural deficits, cybersecurity concerns and skills gaps continue to constrain large‑scale adoption. The paper argues that Nigeria’s FinTech evolution is increasingly inseparable from blockchain innovation and calls for coherent regulatory recalibration, institutional capacity building and ecosystem‑wide collaboration. The study contributes to the growing African FinTech literature by situating blockchain not merely as a technological artefact, but as a systemic enabler shaping the future architecture of digital finance in Nigeria.
The Qur’ānic Description of the Sīrah of the Messenger ﷺ: A Research-Based Study in the Light of the Concepts of Kawthar al-Khayrāt and Burhān al-Ṭayyib.
This research critically analyzes two significant Urdu works on the Sīrah of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺKauthar al-Khayrāt li-Sayyid al-Sādāt and Burhān al-Ṭayyib.Both books explore the personality of the Prophet ﷺ through Qur’ānic discourse, theological reasoning and evidential demonstration of Prophethood, yet each adopts a distinct methodological approach.Kauthar al-Khayrāt is primarily a thematic exegesis of Sūrah al-Kawthar wherein the author presents the concept of al-Kawthar as an all-encompassing symbol of divine abundance. The study highlights multiple interpretations of Kawthar, including the heavenly river, continuity of Prophetic lineage, the Muslim Ummah, the Qur’ān, Islam as a comprehensive religion, Prophetic knowledge, moral excellence, miracles, Maqām Maḥmūd and Shafā‘ah al-‘Uẓmā. The book also elaborates on the ten divine wisdoms embedded in the opening verse, the spiritual significance of prayer and sacrifice and the divine refutation of hostility toward the Prophet ﷺ, firmly grounding Sunni theological positions.On the other hand, Burhān al-Ṭayyib presents the Prophet ﷺ as a living and rational proof (burhān) of his own Prophethood, based on Qur’ānic evidence from Sūrah al-Nisāʾ. The author systematically discusses evidence such as pre-Prophetic signs, moral integrity, the luminous countenance, the Seal of Prophethood, practical and knowledge-based miracles, Qur’ānic revelation, political wisdom, ethical perfection and the universality of the Prophetic model. Special emphasis is placed on scientific, historical and experiential dimensions of miracles.The article concludes that both works successfully affirm the finality, universality and perfection of the Prophethood of Muḥammad ﷺ, presenting him as a comprehensive divine proof whose life, character, and message continue to guide humanity intellectually, morally and spiritually.
Examining Conjugal Rights of Inmates under Pakistan’s Legal and Shari’ah Framework
The primary intent of this research is to scrutinize the Islamic and legal dimensions of prisoners' conjugal rights within the Pakistani penitentiary system. Although incarceration inherently limits personal freedom, detainees remain entitled to a framework of human rights established by international, regional, and domestic legal instruments. This study investigates fundamental Shari’ah principles alongside constitutional, statutory, and judicial viewpoints to determine the extent to which Islamic law acknowledges marital intimacy for the incarcerated. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the research evaluates constitutional mandates, prison regulations, global benchmarks, and human rights documentation. The findings indicate that the formal recognition of conjugal rights is vital not only for the preservation of human dignity and the success of rehabilitative programs but also for maintaining familial cohesion. Furthermore, implementing marital visitations serves as a strategic intervention to curb institutionalized homosexuality and mitigate the transmission of sexually focused diseases within the prison population.
The Psychological Impact of Terrorism on Collective Identity and Social Behavior in Pakistan
Terrorism has remained a persistent challenge in Pakistan, leaving profound psychological consequences that extend beyond individual trauma to shape collective identity and social behavior. This study examines how prolonged exposure to terrorist violence influences fear, trust, social cohesion, and patterns of collective behavior within Pakistani society. Drawing on psychological theories of collective trauma, social identity, and fear conditioning, the article analyzes how recurring incidents of violence contribute to heightened anxiety, social polarization, and altered perceptions of “in-groups” and “out-groups.” The research further explores how fear and insecurity affect public trust in social institutions, normalize defensive social behaviors, and, in some cases, increase susceptibility to radical narratives. By focusing on the interplay between terrorism, collective psychology, and social responses, the study highlights the long-term psychosocial costs of violence and emphasizes the need for trauma-informed public policy, community-based mental health interventions, and inclusive narratives to restore social cohesion. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of terrorism’s impact on societal psychology in conflict-affected contexts such as Pakistan.
Terrorism; Collective Identity; Social Behavior; Collective Trauma; Fear and Anxiety; Social Polarization; Pakistan
The Relationship of Sufis with the Hadith during the Seljuk Era (An Analytical Study)
This article undertakes an analytical study of the relationship between Sufis and the Hadith during the Seljuk era, a period marked by significant developments in Islamic spirituality and scholarship.The Seljuk era, renowned for its vibrant intellectual and spiritual dynamism, witnessed the flourishing of Sufism as a pivotal component of Islamic life and thought. This study aims to explore the profound interactions between Sufi mystics and the Hadith literature, highlighting how Sufis embraced, interpreted, and integrated the teachings of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) into their spiritual practices and doctrinal foundations.Furthermore, the study addresses the contributions of prominent Sufi scholars to the science of Hadith and their efforts in defending and disseminating authentic prophetic traditions. It also explores the challenges and controversies that arose from the Sufi use of Hadith, particularly in instances where their interpretations diverged from orthodox understandings. By providing an analytical overview of the Sufis' engagement with Hadith during the Seljuk era, this article contributes to a deeper appreciation of the symbiotic relationship between Sufism and Hadith scholarship. It highlights the enduring legacy of this interaction in enriching Islamic spirituality and offers insights into the complex interplay between mystical experience and religious orthodoxy.Ultimately, this study aims to shed light on the multifaceted dimensions of Sufi spirituality in the Seljuk period, emphasizing the central importance of the Hadith in cultivating a profound and nuanced love for the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)within the hearts of the believers.Through this exploration, the article seeks to foster a more comprehensive understanding of the historical and spiritual context that shaped the Sufi approach to the Hadith and its impact on the development of Islamic mysticism.
Financial Corruption in the Modern Era and its Prevention in the Light of the Quran and Hadith
The love of wealth and riches is inherent in human nature. Keeping in mind human nature, Islam did not completely prohibit wealth accumulation, but rather defined certain rights in this wealth so that justice and fairness are established among human beings and corruption and mismanagement do not get a chance to flourish. Therefore, Islam does not like it when only a few people control all the wealth and riches of society, and the rest are forced to live a life of poverty and helplessness. Therefore, Islam gives strict warnings to those who hoard wealth and do not spend it on the needy. Financial corruption is a complex and deep-rooted problem that cannot be completely eradicated immediately. The Quran and Hadith strongly condemn all forms of financial corruption and teach the establishment of a pure, transparent, and just economic system. In the present era, comprehensive measures such as faith awareness, a strong legal system, transparency, accountability, and raising public awareness are indispensable to curb these evils. Muslims must firmly hold on to these Quranic and Prophetic principles in their individual and collective lives to create a healthy, transparent, just, and prosperous society.
Methodology and Style of "Taliq۔E۔Mumajjad Shrah Mo'atta Muhammad”(A Concise Overview)
The scholarly endeavor of interpreting and explicating Hadith literature has been a cornerstone in preserving the Islamic scholarly tradition, with numerous works dedicated to this purpose across centuries. "Taliq.e.Mumajjad",a distinguished commentary on "Muwatta Imam Muhammad", stands out as a significant contribution to this intellectual heritage. This article offers a concise overview of the methodology and style employed in "Taliq-e-Mumajjad", aiming to illuminate its unique approach to interpreting one of the foundational texts of Hadith.The analysis begins by contextualizing "Taliq-e-Mumajjad" within the broader landscape of Islamic scholarship, highlighting its significance in the study of Hadith and Islamic jurisprudence. It delves into the author's scholarly background, shedding light on how his academic and spiritual journey influenced the development of this work. Furthermore, the article explores the methodological framework adopted in "Taliq-e-Mumajjad", examining the principles and criteria set forth for interpreting Hadiths and discussing how these align with or diverge from established scholarly traditions.By providing an analytical overview of "Taliq-e-Mumajjad", this article aims to contribute to the appreciation of the rich scholarly tradition within Islam. It underscores the importance of methodology and style in the interpretation of Hadith literature, highlighting how "Taliq-e-Mumajjad" exemplifies a rigorous and nuanced approach to understanding the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him).Through this exploration, the article seeks to foster a deeper understanding of "Taliq-e-Mumajjad" as a vital text that continues to inspire and inform Islamic scholarship.
Liberty vs. Procedure: A Critical Assessment of Prolonged Judicial Remand and Human Rights Infringements within Pakistan’s Criminal Justice System
The sanctity of individual liberty is a foundational tenet of both domestic constitutionalism and international human rights jurisprudence. However, in the legal landscape of Pakistan, pre-trial detention has transitioned from an exceptional procedural necessity into a pervasive mechanical practice. This study critically evaluates the systemic reliance on prolonged judicial remand, which frequently results in "punishment before conviction" for a vast population of under-trial prisoners, many of whom are ultimately acquitted. By synthesizing the protections offered under Articles 9 and 10A of the Constitution of Pakistan with international benchmarks, specifically Article 3 of the UDHR and Articles 6, 9, and 14 of the ICCPR, this research highlights a widening gap between statutory ideals and judicial realities. The analysis contends that current detention practices undermine the presumption of innocence and violate the right to a fair trial. The paper concludes by advocating for substantive institutional and legislative reforms to harmonize Pakistan’s criminal justice framework with global human rights obligations, ensuring that liberty remains the rule and incarceration the exception.
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A Comparative Review of the Jurisprudential Views of the Khamsa Religions in Fiqh Ul-Bay Al Salam and their Contemporary Applications
This study undertakes an in-depth comparative examination of the jurisprudential perspectives of the five major Islamic schools of law Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘i, Hanbali, and Ja‘fari regarding Bay‘ al-Salam, a distinctive form of forward sale in which full payment is made at the time of contract while the delivery of the specified goods is deferred to a future date. The research systematically analyzes the classical juristic foundations of Salam, tracing its legitimacy from the Qur’an, Sunnah, and the established practices of the Companions, and then evaluates how each school of law conceptualizes its legal rationale and scope of permissibility. Particular attention is given to the essential conditions of Salam, including the requirement of advance payment, precise specification of the subject matter in terms of quantity, quality, and type, the determination of the delivery date and place, and the avoidance of gharar (uncertainty) and ribā (usury(.The study further highlights the areas of consensus (ijmā) among the jurists such as the permissibility of Salam as an exception to the general prohibition of selling non-existent goods while also critically examining the points of divergence among the five schools, especially concerning the types of commodities eligible for Salam, the permissibility of Salam in non-fungible goods, the conditions related to delivery delays, and the implications of market volatility. By comparing these doctrinal variations, the research illustrates the methodological approaches adopted by each school, including their use of qiyās, istihsān, maslahah, and textual interpretation. In addition, the study explores the contemporary relevance and applicability of Bay‘ al-Salam within the framework of modern Islamic finance. It analyzes how Salam-based contracts are employed in agricultural financing, commodity trading, Islamic banking instruments, and supply-chain financing, particularly as a Shari‘ah-compliant alternative to interest-based lending. The paper also assesses the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing Salam in modern financial markets, such as risk management, standardization of contracts, regulatory compliance, and integration with contemporary financial systems. By bridging classical fiqh discourse with present-day economic realities, the research demonstrates the enduring flexibility and ethical foundations of Islamic commercial law. Overall, this comparative framework not only clarifies the jurisprudential nuances and methodological differences among the five schools of Islamic law but also provides valuable practical insights for policymakers, Islamic financial institutions, Sharīah scholars, and researchers. It underscores the potential of Bay‘ al-Salam as a viable, socially responsible, and Sharīah-compliant financing mechanism capable of addressing modern economic needs while remaining firmly rooted in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence.
A Critical Appraisal of the Fiduciary Legitimacy of Mudarabah: Bridging the Gap between Scriptural Evidence and Financial Implementation
This study provides a critical appraisal of the fiduciary legitimacy of Muḍārabah, a cornerstone equity-based instrument in Islamic finance. While traditional scholarship heavily relies on specific Quranic verses and Prophetic traditions to validate the separation of capital and labor, this paper identifies significant interpretative and functional gaps between classical scriptural evidence and contemporary financial implementation. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis, the research examines the linguistic ambiguity of the term Ḍarb in the Quranic context and evaluates the historical weight of Hadith narratives, such as the Basra and Urwah al-Bariqi incidents. The paper further explores the "Fiduciary Gap" in modern Islamic banking, where the authentic trust-based nature (Amānah) of Muḍārabah is frequently compromised by synthetic debt-like structures and rigid collateral requirements designed to mitigate agency costs. By evaluating the Two-Tier Muḍārabah model and the emergence of FinTech-driven equity crowdfunding, the study concludes that current banking practices often prioritize institutional stability over the distributive justice envisioned in Shari’ah. The findings suggest that for Muḍārabah to regain its fiduciary legitimacy, the industry must move toward transparent, technology-backed equity models that align more closely with the risk-reward parity of the original scriptural mandates.
SNCR Management, Shariah Non-Compliance Risk, Modern Banking. Muḍārabah
Social Issues and their Solutions: A Research Based Study in the context of Fehm ul Quran (Mian Muhammad Jamil)
Allah Almighty sent His Prophets and Messengers to guide humans and then revealed His Praiseworthy Word through these Prophets. The Holy Quran is one of the greatest book that was revealed to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Translations, explanations and commentaries on the Holy Quran have been written in many regional languages. In our Indian subcontinent, many interpretations have been written in Urdu and Arabic languages. Fahm al-Quran is also the Urdu interpretation of the Quran, by Mian Muhammad Jamil Sahib. This commentary was written in a common-sense style, adopting an educational approach, fully connecting the basic themes of the Quran to common people. The Mufassir tried to describe the social issues and their solutions according to Quran and Sunnah. In this article, we will analyze the social aspects of the topics covered in Fahm al-Quran and study to what extent the author of Fehm ul-Quran has addressed social issues in it. We will also examine which social problems have been described from which aspects, whether they have presented, any Quranic solutions for their work, and how can a individual succeed in their social challenges after reading this interpretations.
Fehm ul Quran, Social Issues, Interpretation, Solutions
The Growing Trend of Curiosity in the Context of Artificial Intelligence(An Applied Study of Islamic Rulings)
In the contemporary digital era, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly expanded the scope of surveillance and intrusive curiosity, transforming it into an automated, systematic, and often invisible phenomenon. Through technologies such as data mining, algorithmic monitoring, facial recognition, and predictive analytics, AI has enabled unprecedented access to individuals’ private lives, raising serious ethical, legal, and religious concerns. This study critically examines the growing culture of AI-driven surveillance in light of Islamic teachings, with particular reference to the Qur’an, Prophetic traditions (Sunnah), classical juristic principles, and the framework of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (Objectives of Islamic Law). The research argues that Islamic jurisprudence places a strong emphasis on the protection of human dignity, privacy (ḥurmah), and moral integrity, categorically prohibiting unwarranted curiosity and intrusion into personal affairs. By analyzing contemporary applications of AI-based surveillance, this paper demonstrates that such practices are fundamentally impermissible when conducted without necessity, consent, or legitimate legal-ethical justification. However, the study also acknowledges that under the principles of public interest (maṣlaḥah ʿāmmah) and genuine necessity (ḍarūrah), limited and regulated forms of surveillance may be conditionally permissible, provided they adhere to strict ethical boundaries and accountability mechanisms. The study concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for an Islamic ethical framework for Artificial Intelligence that harmonizes technological advancement with the core values of justice, human dignity, and moral responsibility
Artificial Intelligence; Surveillance; Intrusive Curiosity; Islamic Jurisprudence; Privacy in Islam; Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah; AI Ethics; Human Dignity; Digital Monitoring; Islamic Moral Philosophy
The Qur’anic Concept of Patience (Sabr) and Its Importance in Daily Life
This research provides a descriptive-analytical study of the Qur’ānic concept of ṣabr (patience), a central virtue in Islamic ethics. In an era defined by instant gratification, psychological stress, and rapid social change, the classical understanding of ṣabr is often misinterpreted as passiveresignation or fatalism. This paper argues that the Qur’ānic framework presents ṣabr not as mere passivity, but as a dynamic, active, and multi-faceted spiritual practice essential for human flourishing. The study employs a qualitative, text-based methodology, drawing primarily from the Qur’ān and the canonical Sunnah (Prophetic traditions), supplemented by classical commentaries (tafsīr) and major scholarly works on Islamic spirituality. The research finds that ṣabr is a comprehensive virtue categorized by scholars into three main domains: perseverance in obedience to God (al-ṣabr ‘alā al-ṭā‘āt), steadfastness in abstaining from prohibitions (al-ṣabr‘an al-ma‘āṣī), and graceful endurance during calamities (al-ṣabr ‘alā al-aqdār al-mu’limah). The study concludes that ṣabr is a foundational pillar of faith (īmān) that functions as a practical framework for building spiritual resilience, enhancing psychological well-being, and navigating interpersonal and professional challenges in daily life.
The Role of Hadith in Shaping Islamic Law and Ethics
This paper examines the indispensable role of Hadith in shaping Islamic law (Sharia) and ethics. While the Qur’an provides foundational principles, Hadith contextualizes and operationalizes them, offering detailed rulings and moral paradigms. Through historical analysis, textual study, and case-based examination, this research demonstrates that Hadith functions as both a legal source and an ethical compass.
Orientalists' Suspicions about the Number of Wives of Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be upon him)A Critical Review in the Light of "Sirat al-Nabi" by Shibli Nomani and Syed Sulaiman Nadvi
This research paper critically examines the suspicions and criticisms raised by Orientalists regarding the number of wives of Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him). The book "Sirat al-Nabi" by Shibli Nomani and Syed Sulaiman Nadvi is used as a primary source to address these concerns. The paper explores the misinterpretations, distortions, and biases present in Orientalists' claims and provides a nuanced understanding of the historical context, Islamic teachings, and scholarly consensus. This abstract is a brief summary of the research paper, highlight the main topic, methodology, and conclusions. It provides and overview of the paper's content and helps readers understand the context and significance of the research The research under consideration is related to this important corner of the Prophet's biography, in which the doubts and falsehoods spread by the enemies of Islam regarding the multiple marriages of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, were reviewed in a very good and comprehensive manner with great brevity. has gone First, the educational, legislative, social and political wisdom and expedients of the Prophet's polygamy have been discussed in general, and after that, the Prophet with each wife of all the pure wives. The wisdom and expediency of the marriage of Karim (peace be upon him) has been described separately, the style of explanation is very strong and comprehensive.
Orientalists, Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him), Wives, Sirat al-Nabi, Shibli Nomani, Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Islamic teachings, Historical context, Scholarly consensus.
A scholarly review of Orientalists' criticisms of the genealogy of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
Genealogy is an important and great knowledge. Since the Arabs used to protect their genealogy, they also had the most knowledge about it and there was no tribe that did not have a genealogist. Among the Arabs, genealogy began in the era of Jahiliyyah and in the Islamic era, when other sciences and arts were edited, the knowledge of genealogy also became a regular science and art, and a large number of scholars in each period were known by the title of Nasab. Happened The Caliphs were experts in this art. Apart from them, mentions of more than fifty historians are available in translation books. This knowledge continued to develop for about three centuries and finally its evolution and development came to an end in the 4th century Hijri, and after that this knowledge was narrated as a former knowledge of Arab sciences. In view of the importance of this article, the research study of the Prophet's genealogy is an important matter. The genealogy of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has been studied in the light of his own sayings. A short article cannot afford to cover all the traditions related to the Prophetic genealogy and the rigor required to study them.
Genealogy, philosophy, Blasphemy, Jahiliyyah
Christian Apocryphal Literature as a Source of Quranic Narratives: A Historical and Critical Study of W. St. Clair Tisdall’s Arguments
This research article presents a historical and critical analysis of the arguments proposed by the British orientalist and missionary, William St. Clair Tisdall (1859–1928), regarding the influence of Christian apocryphal literature on Quranic narratives. Tisdall, a key figure in the Church Missionary Society, argued in his seminal work, The Original Sources of the Qur'an, that Islamic scriptures were not divinely revealed but were a compilation of earlier Jewish and Christian traditions. The study specifically scrutinizes Tisdall’s claims that the Quranic accounts of Mary (AS) and Jesus (AS)—including the service in the Temple, the birth under a palm tree, and the miracle of speaking in the cradle—were derived from non-canonical texts such as the Protoevangelium of James, the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, and the Arabic Gospel of Infancy. By evaluating the manuscript traditions, chronological dating of these apocryphal works, this paper exposes significant historical discrepancies in Tisdall’s hypotheses. The findings suggest that many of these apocryphal texts were either compiled or significantly redacted after the advent of Islam, indicating that the Quranic text stands as an independent, divine corrective rather than a derivative work. The research further refutes the alleged Gnostic influences on Quranic Christology, concluding that Tisdall’s methodology was primarily driven by missionary polemics rather than objective historiography.
William St. Clair Tisdall, Quranic Narratives, Christian Apocrypha, Orientalism, Missionary Polemics, Protoevangelium of James, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, Arabic Gospel of Infancy, Christology, Quranic Sources
The Availability of Biblical Manuscripts in 7th-Century Arabia:A Critique of Orientalist Hypotheses on Quranic Origins
The geographical and cultural milieu of 7th-century Arabia, while lacking a unified political structure, was intellectually vibrant and religiously diverse. It served as a crossroads for ancient tribal beliefs and monotheistic influences. Orientalist scholars have long argued that the Quranic narratives and legal frameworks were derived from pre-existing Arabic translations or detailed oral/written versions of the Torah and the Gospels available in the Hejaz.This research critically evaluates this hypothesis by addressing two fundamental questions: Were physical manuscripts of the Torah and Gospels present during the Prophetic era, and did Arabic translations of the Bible exist at that time? Through a rigorous analysis of Quranic verses, Hadith literature (specifically from Sahih Bukhari), and the historical insights of scholars like Sidney Griffith and Richard Bell, this study demonstrates that while Hebrew and Syriac manuscripts existed among the Jewish and Christian communities of Medina and Mecca, they were often fragmentary or sectarian in nature. Furthermore, historical and linguistic evidence refutes the existence of a standardized Arabic Bible during the 7th century. The study concludes that the Quranic discourse on previous scriptures serves as a divine confirmation and guardian (Muhaymin) rather than a product of contemporary literary borrowing, as suggested by the Orientalist tradition.
Quranic Studies, Orientalism, 7th-Century Arabia, Biblical Intertextuality, Arabic Bible Translations, Pre-Islamic Hejaz, Muhaymin, Sidney Griffith, Hadith Literature, Manuscript Culture