The Referents of Ahl al-Bayt in Light of the Verse of Purification: A Scholarly Analytical Study of the Opinions of Sunni and Shia Scholars

Abstract

This study critically examines the identities and scope of Ahl al-Bayt in light of the Qur’anic Verse of Purification (Āyat al-Taṭhīr, Qur’an 33:33) by analyzing major scholarly interpretations from both Sunni and Shia traditions. The research explores the linguistic, contextual, and exegetical dimensions of the verse, along with the relevant Prophetic traditions that contribute to defining the term Ahl al-Bayt. By engaging with classical and contemporary commentaries, the study highlights areas of convergence such as the significance of the Prophet’s Household in Islamic piety and points of divergence, particularly regarding whether the verse primarily refers to the Prophet’s wives, his immediate family (Fatimah, Ali, Hasan, and Husayn), or a broader household. The findings demonstrate that both sectarian views are rooted in interpretive methodologies shaped by hadith selection, historical contexts, and theological priorities. The research ultimately contributes to a more nuanced understanding of inter-sectarian perspectives and underscores the importance of balanced, evidence-based analysis in the study of Qur’anic terminology and Islamic intellectual history.