The Status of Fatwas in Contemporary Muslim Societies: Relevance and Regulation

Abstract

Fatwa, the non-binding legal opinion issued by a qualified Islamic scholar (mufti), has traditionally been a tool for counseling Muslims in personal, social, and legal affairs. In modern Muslim societies, fatwas have become more salient in public debates, ranging from political issues to financial morality, as well as in day-to-day practice. The emergence of new media, satellite television, and social networks has enabled instant, globalized, and sometimes contentious production and circulation of fatwas. This article addresses the evolving role of fatwas in modern contexts, evaluating their authority, governance, and implications for Muslim communities. It further addresses tensions between old models of jurisprudence and new media settings, and charts directions towards improving the accountability and contextual awareness of fatwa practices.